Managing Mineral Resources in the International Seabed Area: Upholding the Common Heritage of Mankind and Indonesia’s Regulatory Adaptation in the Transnational Era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v8i1.2449Keywords:
Kawasan Dasar Laut Internasional, Common Heritage of Mankind, UCLOS 1982, Perlindungan Lingkungan Laut Dalam, Pertambangan Bawah LautAbstract
Pengelolaan sumber daya mineral di kawasan dasar laut internasional (Area) berada di luar yurisdiksi negara dan tunduk pada prinsip Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) sebagaimana diatur dalam UNCLOS 1982 dan Agreement 1994. Prinsip ini mengharuskan pemanfaatan sumber daya di Area dilakukan demi kepentingan bersama umat manusia secara adil dan berkelanjutan. International Seabed Authority (ISA) bertindak sebagai otoritas utama yang mengatur kegiatan prospeksi, eksplorasi, dan eksploitasi di Area serta memastikan perlindungan lingkungan laut dalam melalui instrumen seperti Regional Environmental Management Plans (REMP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan komparatif untuk menganalisis penerapan prinsip CHM, mekanisme perlindungan lingkungan laut, dan kesiapan hukum nasional Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah mengadopsi regulasi terkait melalui Perpres No. 80 Tahun 2023 dan Permen ESDM No. 11 Tahun 2025, masih terdapat kesenjangan pengaturan terkait standar lingkungan dan verifikasi tanggung jawab negara sponsor. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi pengaturan dan penguatan mekanisme pengawasan untuk memastikan eksploitasi mineral di Area dilakukan secara bertanggung jawab, selaras dengan standar ISA, serta tetap menjaga integritas ekologi laut dalam.
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