Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual atas Karya AI: Studi Kasus ChatGPT dan DeepSeek dalam Perspektif TRIPS Agreement

Authors

  • Tanissa Mayra Tsabitha Universitas Tarumanagara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v8i1.2472

Keywords:

Kecerdasan Buatan, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, Perjanjian TRIPS, ChatGPT, DeepSeek

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (AI), khususnya generative AI seperti ChatGPT dan DeepSeek, telah memunculkan suatu tantangan yang baru di sistem perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI). Artikel ini mengkaji status hukum karya yang sepenuhnya dihasilkan oleh AI di perspektif perjanjian internasional TRIPS dan sistem hukum nasional. Lewat metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan komparatif, penelitian ini menyoroti ketidaksesuaian antara perkembangan teknologi dan regulasi yang ada. Perjanjian TRIPS belum secara eksplisit mengatur mengenai status hukum karya yang dihasilkan tanpa kontribusi manusia, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dan perbedaan interpretasi antarnegara. Di Indonesia, Undang-Undang Hak Cipta masih mendefinisikan pencipta sebagai manusia, sehingga karya AI-only belum dapat memperoleh perlindungan hukum. Studi kasus ChatGPT dan DeepSeek menunjukkan kompleksitas dalam atribusi kepemilikan dan potensi pelanggaran HKI, seperti praktik knowledge distillation. Artikel ini merekomendasikan amandemen TRIPS untuk memasukkan definisi "karya AI", penguatan regulasi nasional, serta eksplorasi rezim hukum sui generis sebagai solusi alternatif. Dengan demikian, perlindungan HKI dapat disesuaikan dengan realitas teknologi masa kini dan mendukung terciptanya ekosistem inovasi yang adil, seimbang, dan berkelanjutan.

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Published

2025-09-23

How to Cite

Tsabitha, T. M. (2025). Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual atas Karya AI: Studi Kasus ChatGPT dan DeepSeek dalam Perspektif TRIPS Agreement. UNES Law Review, 8(1), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v8i1.2472

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Articles