Keadilan Distribusi Teknologi dalam Eksploitasi Seabed: Studi Kasus Pelaksanaan Kewajiban Transfer Teknologi di Nauru Island Berdasarkan UNCLOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31933/787kbf75Keywords:
UNCLOS, Transfer Teknologi, Seabed Resources, Negara Sponsor, Keadilan DistribusiAbstract
Penelitian ini membahas pengaturan dan implementasi kewajiban transfer teknologi dalam kegiatan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi sumber daya dasar laut internasional berdasarkan Konvensi Hukum Laut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNCLOS) Tahun 1982, dengan fokus pada studi kasus Negara Nauru sebagai negara berkembang yang menjadi sponsor kontraktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana aktor-aktor komersial dan negara sponsor mematuhi kewajiban transfer teknologi sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 140 dan 144 UNCLOS, serta mengidentifikasi kendala dalam pelaksanaannya berdasarkan laporan resmi International Seabed Authority (ISA). Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat kesenjangan signifikan antara norma hukum internasional dan praktik di lapangan. Kontraktor kerap menghindari kewajiban alih teknologi dengan dalih perlindungan kekayaan intelektual, sementara negara sponsor seperti Nauru terbatas oleh minimnya kapasitas teknis dan posisi tawar dalam negosiasi kontrak. ISA sendiri belum memiliki mekanisme pengawasan yang efektif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembaruan kontraktual, penguatan indikator implementasi, dan reformasi kelembagaan di bawah ISA guna mendorong keadilan distribusi teknologi secara berkelanjutan dan bertanggung jawab.
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