Pengembalian Aset (Aset Recovery) Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 7, 2023
Keywords:
corruption, asset, criminal
Main Article Content
Abstract
Corruption is a special crime with distinct characteristics that differentiate it from general crimes, including non-compliance with formal criminal or procedural laws. In Indonesia, corruption still reigns as the most prevalent form of criminal activity. This study is a descriptive analytical research, focused on the presentation of phenomena and circumstances related to the financial returns and/or state assets affected by acts of corruption. The research excludes subjective evaluations unless marked as such, and emphasizes clear, concise sentences and logical structure. Technical term abbreviations are defined upon first use. The paper adheres to conventional academic sections and formatting, including clear and factual titles. The language is objective, neutral and grammatically correct. The text maintains a formal register, avoiding contractions, colloquialisms, and unnecessary jargon. Causal connections between statements are made clear, while biased language is avoided. Precise, subject-specific vocabulary is employed when applicable. In addition, the document adheres to language-specific spellings, grammar, and style. Law Number 20 from 2001 addresses corruption as a criminal offence. Article 18 discusses additional crimes to recover state finances. Law Number 7 from 2006 ratifies the United Nations Convention Against Corruption of 2003 which details how assets seized from corrupt criminals can occur through both criminal and civil channels. Law Number 1 of 2006, governing mutual assistance in criminal matters, serves as the basis for the Indonesian government's provision of as well as requests for mutual assistance. It also provides guidelines for entering agreements in criminal matters with foreign countries. Several channels/instruments are available for reclaiming assets from corruption crimes, including criminal, civil, and administrative means.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Siregar, G. T. (2023). Pengembalian Aset (Aset Recovery) Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi. UNES Law Review, 6(2), 4560-4571. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1212
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta :
Penulis yang mempublikasikan manuskripnya di jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
- Penulis mengakui bahwa UNES Law Review berhak menjadi yang pertama menerbitkan dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0) .
- Penulis dapat mengirimkan artikel secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-eksklusif manuskrip yang telah diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini ke versi lain (misalnya, dikirim ke repositori institusi penulis, publikasi ke dalam buku, dll.), dengan mengakui bahwa manuskrip telah diterbitkan pertama kali di Jurnal UNES Law Review.
References
Al-Fatih, S. (2018). Darus As An Anti-Corruption Education. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal, 3(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.21532/apfj.001.18.03.01.14
Al-Fatih, S. (2021). The Urgency of Redefinition of Offense Formulation of Corruption in The Law on The Eradication of Corruption. Law Research Review Quarterly, 7(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i1.43897
Aliyth Prakarsa & Rena Yulia. (2017). Model Pengembalian Aset (Asset Recovery) Sebagai Alternatif Memulihkan Kerugian Negara Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS V.
https://www.neliti.com/publications/81649/model-pengembalian-aset-asset-recovery-sebagai-alternatif-memulihkan-kerugian-ne
Andini, G. O., Marinda, F., & Hamdani, K. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang dilakukan oleh Aparatur Sipil Negara. Jurnal Al-Qadau Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam, 9(1), 65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/al-qadau.v9i1.29188
Arrasid, S. E. (2020). Implementasi Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung Nomor: B- 113/F/FD.1/05/2010 Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dengan Kerugian Negara yang Kecil Oleh Kejaksaan Tinggi Riau. JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, VII(2), 15.
https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFHUKUM/article/viewFile/28876/27832
Bohmert, M. N., Duwe, G., & Hipple, N. K. (2018). Evaluating Restorative Justice Circles of Support and Accountability: Can Social Support Overcome Structural Barriers? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(3), 739–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X16652627
Braithwaite, J. (1999). Restorative Justice: Assessing Optimistic and Pessimistic Accounts. The University of Chicago Press Journal, 25(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/449287
Crown Prosecution Service. (2019). Restorative Justice | The Crown Prosecution Service. The Crown Prosecution Service.
https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/restorative-justice
D. Marder, I. (2019). Developing restorative justice in law, policy and practice: Learning from around the world. Penal Reform International.
https://www.penalreform.org/blog/developing-restorative-justice-in-law-policy-and-practice/
Davey, L. (2005). The Development of Restorative Justice in The United Kingdom: A Personal Perspective.
https://www.iirp.edu/images/pdf/au05_davey.pdf
Falah Parama, J., & Al-Fatih, S. (2021). Kajian Yuridis Ambivalensi Pergeseran Independensi Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (Kpk) Ke Dalam Rumpun Lembaga Eksekutif. Journal Komunitas Yustisia Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, 4(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jatayu.v4i1.33024
Fariduddin, A. M., Yudistira, N., & Tetono, D. (2022). Imposition of The Death Penalty for Corruptors in Indonesia from A Utilitarian Perspective. Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v8i1.903
Fatah, A., & Jaya, Nyoman Serikat Putra Juliani, H. (2017). Kajian Yuridis PenerapanUnsur Merugikan Keuangan Negara dalam Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Diponegoro Law Journal, 6(31), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2017.13880
Fatahillah Akbar, M. (2021). Keadilan Restoratif dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Sebagai Perwujudan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila. Justicia Et Pax, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v37i1.3821
Fransisco, W. (2022). Implementation of the Principle of Restorative Justice as an Alternative Resolving to Types of Crimes in the Related Criminal System Corruption Crimes in Indonesia. Legal Brief, 11(4), 2722–4643. https://doi.org/10.35335/legal
Gavrielides, T., & Artinopoulou, V. (2013). Restorative Justice and Violence Against Women: Comparing Greece and The United Kingdom. Asian Journal of Criminology, 8(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-011-9123-x
Genger, P. (2018). Combating Corruption with African Restorative Justice Tradition: Suggested Steps for Nigeria. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 11(1), 20–40. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76610446/VOL_2011_20GENGER_2 0FINAL-libre.pdf
Gray, C., Hellman, J., & Ryterman, R. (2004). Anti Corruption in Transition 2-Corruption in Enterprise-Sate Interaction in Europe and Central Asia. World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5808-1
Gunawan, I., & Syahrin, A. (2019). Demand against Law and Using Authority in Corruption Criminal Action. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i4.580
Gusta Andini, O. (2021). Menakar Relevansi Pedoman Pemidanaan Koruptor Terhadap Upaya Pemberantasan Korupsi. Tanjungpura Law Journal |, 5(2), 133–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v5i2.46109
Hobson, J., Twyman-Ghoshal, A., Banwell-Moore, R., & Ash, D. P. (2022). Restorative Justice, Youth Violence, and Policing: A Review of the Evidence. Laws, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040062
Hoyle, C., & Rosenblatt, F. F. (2016). Looking Back to the Future: Threats to the Success of Restorative Justice in the United Kingdom. Victims and Offenders, 11(1), 30–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2015.1095830
Hoyle, C., Rosenblatt, F. F., Maglione, G., Akester, K., & April, V. (2021). Restorative Justice, Crime Victims and Penal Welfarism. Mapping and Contextualising Restorative Justice Policy in Scotland. Social and Legal Studies, 30(5), 745–767. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663920965669
Ibrahim, J. (2005). Teori dan Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Bayu Media.
https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5OZeDwAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
Junius Fernando, Z. (2020). Pentingnya Restorative Justice Dalam Konsep Ius Constituendum. Al Imarah : Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik Islam, 5(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v5i2.3493
Khan, A., Krishnan, S., & Dhir, A. (2021). Electronic government and corruption: Systematic literature review, framework, and agenda for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120737
Korompot, M. I. S., Al-Fatih, S., & Pradhan, D. (2021). The Principle of Equality Before the Law in Indonesian Corruption Case : Is It Relevant ? Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 1(3), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v1i3.13
Kubbe, I., & Engelbert, A. (2018). Corruption and the impact of democracy. In Crime, Law and Social Change (Vol. 70, Issue 2, pp. 175–178). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9732-0
Kusumo, D., & Afandi, R. (2020). The Restorative Justice: Ideality, Reality, and Problems in The Indonesia Criminal Justice System. Rechtsidee, 7, 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v11i0.775
Langseth, P., Stapenhurst, R., & Pope, J. (1997). The Role of National Integrity System in Fighting Corruption. The Wolrd Bank. DOI:10.1080/03050718.1997.9986471
Levrant, Cullen, & W. (2016). Reconsidering Restorative Justice: The Corruption of Benevolence Revisited? Sage Journals, 45(1), 22. https://doi.org/doi/10.1177/0011128799045001001
MacUlan, E., & Gil Gil, A. (2020). The Rationale and Purposes of Criminal Law and Punishment in Transitional Contexts. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 40(1), 132–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqz033
Manan, A. (2020). Ancaman Pidana Mati Terhadap Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Hukum, 36(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v36i1.11194
Narindrani, F. (2020). Penyelesaian Korupsi Dengan Menggunakan Restoratif Justice (Corruption Settlement Using Justice Restoratives). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(4), 605–617. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.V20.605-617
Nĕmec, D., Kotlánová, E., Kotlán, I., & Machová, Z. (2021). Corruption, taxation and the impact on the shadow economy. Economies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9010018
Safitri, D. (2022). Application of Restorative Justice in the Crime of Theft. NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance, 2(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.29240/negrei.v2i2.5854
Sharma, A. (2018). New brooms and old: Sweeping up corruption in India, one law at a time. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S72–S82. https://doi.org/10.1086/696070
Shazeeda, A. (2020). Fighting financial crime: failure is not an option. Journal of Financial Crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2019-0050
Siburian, R. J., & Wijaya, D. (2022). Korupsi dan Birokrasi: Non-Conviction based Asset Forfeiture sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Yang Lebih Berdayaguna. Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18196/jphk.v3i1.12233
Smith, R. (2011). Developing restorative practice: contemporary lessons from an English juvenile diversion project of the 1980s. Contemporary Justice Review, 14(1), 472–478. https://doi.org/Smith, R. (2011). Developing restorative practice: contemporary lessons from an English juvenile diversion project of the 1980s. Contemporaryhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2011.616372
Snyder, C. (2008). Restorative Justice Across the East and West. In Journal of Comparative Social Work (Vol. 3, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v3i1.39
Suzuki, M., & Jenkins, T. (2022). The role of (self-)forgiveness in restorative justice: Linking restorative justice to desistance. European Journal of Criminology, 19(2), 202– 219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819895959
Yusona Piadi & Rida Ista Sitepu. (2019). Implementasi Restoratif Justice dalam Pemidanaan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia of Money Laundering with Predicate Crime of Corruption. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies, 54. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjahs
Willis, R., & Hoyle, C. (2022). The Good, The Bad, and The Street: Does ‘Street Culture’ Affect Offender Communication and Reception in Restorative Justice? European Journal of Criminology, 19(1), 118–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819887517
Al-Fatih, S. (2021). The Urgency of Redefinition of Offense Formulation of Corruption in The Law on The Eradication of Corruption. Law Research Review Quarterly, 7(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i1.43897
Aliyth Prakarsa & Rena Yulia. (2017). Model Pengembalian Aset (Asset Recovery) Sebagai Alternatif Memulihkan Kerugian Negara Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS V.
https://www.neliti.com/publications/81649/model-pengembalian-aset-asset-recovery-sebagai-alternatif-memulihkan-kerugian-ne
Andini, G. O., Marinda, F., & Hamdani, K. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang dilakukan oleh Aparatur Sipil Negara. Jurnal Al-Qadau Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam, 9(1), 65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/al-qadau.v9i1.29188
Arrasid, S. E. (2020). Implementasi Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung Nomor: B- 113/F/FD.1/05/2010 Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dengan Kerugian Negara yang Kecil Oleh Kejaksaan Tinggi Riau. JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, VII(2), 15.
https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFHUKUM/article/viewFile/28876/27832
Bohmert, M. N., Duwe, G., & Hipple, N. K. (2018). Evaluating Restorative Justice Circles of Support and Accountability: Can Social Support Overcome Structural Barriers? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(3), 739–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X16652627
Braithwaite, J. (1999). Restorative Justice: Assessing Optimistic and Pessimistic Accounts. The University of Chicago Press Journal, 25(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/449287
Crown Prosecution Service. (2019). Restorative Justice | The Crown Prosecution Service. The Crown Prosecution Service.
https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/restorative-justice
D. Marder, I. (2019). Developing restorative justice in law, policy and practice: Learning from around the world. Penal Reform International.
https://www.penalreform.org/blog/developing-restorative-justice-in-law-policy-and-practice/
Davey, L. (2005). The Development of Restorative Justice in The United Kingdom: A Personal Perspective.
https://www.iirp.edu/images/pdf/au05_davey.pdf
Falah Parama, J., & Al-Fatih, S. (2021). Kajian Yuridis Ambivalensi Pergeseran Independensi Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (Kpk) Ke Dalam Rumpun Lembaga Eksekutif. Journal Komunitas Yustisia Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, 4(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jatayu.v4i1.33024
Fariduddin, A. M., Yudistira, N., & Tetono, D. (2022). Imposition of The Death Penalty for Corruptors in Indonesia from A Utilitarian Perspective. Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v8i1.903
Fatah, A., & Jaya, Nyoman Serikat Putra Juliani, H. (2017). Kajian Yuridis PenerapanUnsur Merugikan Keuangan Negara dalam Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Diponegoro Law Journal, 6(31), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2017.13880
Fatahillah Akbar, M. (2021). Keadilan Restoratif dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Sebagai Perwujudan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila. Justicia Et Pax, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v37i1.3821
Fransisco, W. (2022). Implementation of the Principle of Restorative Justice as an Alternative Resolving to Types of Crimes in the Related Criminal System Corruption Crimes in Indonesia. Legal Brief, 11(4), 2722–4643. https://doi.org/10.35335/legal
Gavrielides, T., & Artinopoulou, V. (2013). Restorative Justice and Violence Against Women: Comparing Greece and The United Kingdom. Asian Journal of Criminology, 8(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-011-9123-x
Genger, P. (2018). Combating Corruption with African Restorative Justice Tradition: Suggested Steps for Nigeria. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 11(1), 20–40. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76610446/VOL_2011_20GENGER_2 0FINAL-libre.pdf
Gray, C., Hellman, J., & Ryterman, R. (2004). Anti Corruption in Transition 2-Corruption in Enterprise-Sate Interaction in Europe and Central Asia. World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5808-1
Gunawan, I., & Syahrin, A. (2019). Demand against Law and Using Authority in Corruption Criminal Action. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i4.580
Gusta Andini, O. (2021). Menakar Relevansi Pedoman Pemidanaan Koruptor Terhadap Upaya Pemberantasan Korupsi. Tanjungpura Law Journal |, 5(2), 133–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v5i2.46109
Hobson, J., Twyman-Ghoshal, A., Banwell-Moore, R., & Ash, D. P. (2022). Restorative Justice, Youth Violence, and Policing: A Review of the Evidence. Laws, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040062
Hoyle, C., & Rosenblatt, F. F. (2016). Looking Back to the Future: Threats to the Success of Restorative Justice in the United Kingdom. Victims and Offenders, 11(1), 30–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2015.1095830
Hoyle, C., Rosenblatt, F. F., Maglione, G., Akester, K., & April, V. (2021). Restorative Justice, Crime Victims and Penal Welfarism. Mapping and Contextualising Restorative Justice Policy in Scotland. Social and Legal Studies, 30(5), 745–767. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663920965669
Ibrahim, J. (2005). Teori dan Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Bayu Media.
https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5OZeDwAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
Junius Fernando, Z. (2020). Pentingnya Restorative Justice Dalam Konsep Ius Constituendum. Al Imarah : Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik Islam, 5(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v5i2.3493
Khan, A., Krishnan, S., & Dhir, A. (2021). Electronic government and corruption: Systematic literature review, framework, and agenda for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120737
Korompot, M. I. S., Al-Fatih, S., & Pradhan, D. (2021). The Principle of Equality Before the Law in Indonesian Corruption Case : Is It Relevant ? Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 1(3), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v1i3.13
Kubbe, I., & Engelbert, A. (2018). Corruption and the impact of democracy. In Crime, Law and Social Change (Vol. 70, Issue 2, pp. 175–178). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9732-0
Kusumo, D., & Afandi, R. (2020). The Restorative Justice: Ideality, Reality, and Problems in The Indonesia Criminal Justice System. Rechtsidee, 7, 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v11i0.775
Langseth, P., Stapenhurst, R., & Pope, J. (1997). The Role of National Integrity System in Fighting Corruption. The Wolrd Bank. DOI:10.1080/03050718.1997.9986471
Levrant, Cullen, & W. (2016). Reconsidering Restorative Justice: The Corruption of Benevolence Revisited? Sage Journals, 45(1), 22. https://doi.org/doi/10.1177/0011128799045001001
MacUlan, E., & Gil Gil, A. (2020). The Rationale and Purposes of Criminal Law and Punishment in Transitional Contexts. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 40(1), 132–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqz033
Manan, A. (2020). Ancaman Pidana Mati Terhadap Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Hukum, 36(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v36i1.11194
Narindrani, F. (2020). Penyelesaian Korupsi Dengan Menggunakan Restoratif Justice (Corruption Settlement Using Justice Restoratives). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(4), 605–617. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.V20.605-617
Nĕmec, D., Kotlánová, E., Kotlán, I., & Machová, Z. (2021). Corruption, taxation and the impact on the shadow economy. Economies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9010018
Safitri, D. (2022). Application of Restorative Justice in the Crime of Theft. NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance, 2(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.29240/negrei.v2i2.5854
Sharma, A. (2018). New brooms and old: Sweeping up corruption in India, one law at a time. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S72–S82. https://doi.org/10.1086/696070
Shazeeda, A. (2020). Fighting financial crime: failure is not an option. Journal of Financial Crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2019-0050
Siburian, R. J., & Wijaya, D. (2022). Korupsi dan Birokrasi: Non-Conviction based Asset Forfeiture sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Yang Lebih Berdayaguna. Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18196/jphk.v3i1.12233
Smith, R. (2011). Developing restorative practice: contemporary lessons from an English juvenile diversion project of the 1980s. Contemporary Justice Review, 14(1), 472–478. https://doi.org/Smith, R. (2011). Developing restorative practice: contemporary lessons from an English juvenile diversion project of the 1980s. Contemporaryhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2011.616372
Snyder, C. (2008). Restorative Justice Across the East and West. In Journal of Comparative Social Work (Vol. 3, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v3i1.39
Suzuki, M., & Jenkins, T. (2022). The role of (self-)forgiveness in restorative justice: Linking restorative justice to desistance. European Journal of Criminology, 19(2), 202– 219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819895959
Yusona Piadi & Rida Ista Sitepu. (2019). Implementasi Restoratif Justice dalam Pemidanaan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia of Money Laundering with Predicate Crime of Corruption. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies, 54. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjahs
Willis, R., & Hoyle, C. (2022). The Good, The Bad, and The Street: Does ‘Street Culture’ Affect Offender Communication and Reception in Restorative Justice? European Journal of Criminology, 19(1), 118–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819887517